Effect of Temperature on Peroxidase Activity Essay

Effect of Temperature on Peroxidase Activity - Essay Example It was found that the enzymatic activity was optimum at 37 degree Celsius and the enzyme activity decreased above that temperature thus nullifying the hypothesis that the reaction rate increases as temperature increases based on Arrhenius equation. An enzyme is defined as a protein that catalyzes a chemical reaction by lowering energy barrier, biology book. Enzymes are made up of hundred of amino acids to form peptides and these peptides binds with each other to form the active protein molecules, Biology book. Nevertheless, the enzyme has a specific three dimensional shape. A part of this shape forms the active site, where the enzyme connects or combines with the substrate. The enzymes are very specific for the substrates. They bind with the specific substrates only. This is carried out by the ligand – receptor complex. The enzyme bound to its substrate, forming enzyme- substrate complex, which became activated. While they were bound together, enzyme and substrate, the enzyme’s catalytic action converts the substrate to product of the reaction. At the end of the reaction, the product is released and the same enzyme is ready to react with other substrate. The reaction could be shown as follows: Nevertheless, Dr. Rebecca Bellone pointed out that the enzymes are affected by many external parameters such as pH and Temperature. The alteration of the active site occurs due to the change in pH and temperature. The protein gets denatured and loses its active site. Finally the enzyme activity is lost. Hence care must always be taken to maintain the enzyme at specific ph and Temperature. Furthermore, in this laboratory the enzyme that was used to accelerate the hydrolysis of hydrogen peroxide was peroxidase. Peroxidase is an enzyme found in all aerobic cells, which accelerate hydrolysis of toxic hydrogen peroxide. On oxidation it yields oxygen and water, as shown in the following equation: An article was reviewed about enzymes activity and

Whitbread Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Whitbread Analysis - Case Study Example company has utilized cost leadership is in the use of the technology, particularly iPhone Apps, and Mobile websites to ensure that it cuts prices (Porter, 1985). In the same context, the company has managed to realize success in the cost leadership strategy through innovation. As such, the company has focused on a unique Christmas campaign, variety of foods including breakfast and new drinks such as hot chocolate. Another approach, which companies enhance cost leadership, is through seeking new opportunities. As for such, it is evident that Whitbread has been venturing into new markets in different countries (Lynch, 2003). The company is in a position to own a strong brand portfolio. Such is evident from its partner stores, which are Premier Inn and Costa, and they are market-leading performers. The mother company has many years of experience in the hospitality and restaurants industry. In addition, the company is focusing on providing new products in both local and international markets at affordable prices to ensure profitability (Worley, & Cummings, 2014). Costa faces the risk of overpricing its products because of its location in a lavish ending of the coffee products spectrum (Lashely 2010). In addition, most of the brands are still untested outside the United Kingdom market, with only a low number of Costa Markets and premier Inn outlets in the international market. Similarly, the company has not provided proper brand awareness in the saturated international market, which is a factor that might undermine its sales. Considering the store cutbacks and possible closure faced my many traditional retailers, the company has an opportunity to capitalize on the available high street retail price. In respect to expansion, the company has an opportunity to venture into new markets in Dubai, India and China among others. The company’s global economic progress remains unstable; however, there is significant uncertainty in the process of expanding into new markets

Broken Dreams of the Soviet Times Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Broken Dreams of the Soviet Times - Essay Example I was able to complete my secondary education in 1977 with an average grade of 4.95 (maximum 5). This grade fuelled my desire of fulfilling my childhood dream of becoming a fighter pilot. My eagerness made me feel that I am well-prepared and competitive for the education perspective. In the spring of 1977, I applied at The Chernigov Aviation High School. It was a tough experience; I had to undergo a rigorous medical examination and entry exams against 200 applicants. But I failed. I did not pass the last and very simple medical test. The surgeon pointed out that my x-shaped legs are unfit for someone who is privileged to serve as an Officer of the Soviet Military Aviation Force. The disappointment had put me off for a while but my ambition to fly prevailed. I enrolled at the Buguruslan Pilot School. In 1980, I finished the course obtaining a Lieutenant Military Rank, a diploma and a Civil Pilot License. The same year I passed entry exams at the Kiev Institute of Civil Aviation, but l eft it in 1981 upon completion of one school year. I felt that it was impossible to combine my high intensity flying job with such a demanding study. In 1985, I broke through the toughest possible in the USSR competition. I got the chance to study at the Moscow State Institute of International Affairs. However, I was expelled in the next year for speaking up my political views. I left Russia by the end of the ‘80s and had to start everything from the very beginning.

Sampling and Data Collection Plan Essay Example for Free

Sampling and Data Collection Plan Essay Team D has chosen to look into whether or not should Pear Inc. should start putting their resources into either Laptops or tablet electronic devices. Putting resources into a venture that may or not pan out could be detrimental to that same company. As an example; Kodak and their choice not to expand into digital, something they created, and stay the course with their polyurethane film (Mui, 2012).In the end the choice the public made was to go to digital and have the image saved for ever instead of the inevitable fading of pictures and the breakdown of the film making Kodak play catchup. Population, Size, and Target When considering of finding the population we have chosen social media for all sexes, ages, financial, and country demographics. The reasoning behind the choice is Pear’s product utilizes this source of media in particular. In addition social media is heavily used by the same people who frequent these sites. The sampling would reflect on Pear’s target audiences assisting in the choice of which direction to go with Pear’s resources. It determining size team D would like to obtain a min of 10% of the population of random sampling. Due to the time limit restraint of the weeks leading up to week 4 team D would like to see a 300 individual response to the choices of our chosen sampling element. Sample Element Team D had talked about data mining, survey source, and observation. Data mining would need to look at the sales of both the Pear Book and the Pear Pad in a given business cycle of the most current year (Stat Soft, 2014). This is due the fact technology is growing so fast looking at data, even one year ago, may provide incorrect data in which put Pear on a different direction then it should be taken. Also data mining would only answer the direction the company is being taken too by the market and not determining  or understanding the cause of the direction. Data mining is also a form of observation. Pear could send out certain employees to different electronic store, web sites, chat rooms, or to any form of commerce to look at the all sales both Pear’s and its competitors, however still wouldn’t answer the question of where to place Pear’s resources. Pear must determine to logically and have firsthand knowledge of what people are thinking about before they go and purchase. What are their choices and needs to be filled when using their chosen electronic device. Personal lives continue to change. Meaning people might be going to college, High School, into video gaming, or just in need a device as a medium of entertainment. Pear has chosen to perform a targeted survey in which 9 questions would be asked. The survey would ask if they were to look for electronic devices today what they would be looking for. Additional questions would be asked: Age Income Laptop or tablet Gender Usage (business, pleasure, or both) Video gaming How much time on device (laptop or tablet) Prices of either Laptop or tablet Is brand type important Storage capacity Using the survey is putting the trust in the individual to answer the questions truthfully and accurately. However the moment the individual steps into the business or orders their device their mind may be changed at the point of sale. If there is a change this is the degree of variance and would be used in the confidence makeup of the sampling. We hope to have a 95% acucuracy. If we only have 300 answered surveys and we wanted to look at the age of those surveyed we would take the age range and find the mean. As an example let call the mean 26.7, then we would find out the standard deviation of those surveyed and receive 2.5. Then we would look to find the 95% interval of 1.96. I would calculate the formula of 1.96(2.5/sq root of 300) and receive the answer of .28 (rounded to the nearest tenth). Then I would take the mean of 26.7and add or subtract .51, (26.7+/-.51) the results are 26.42,26.98. In conclusion Team D would conduct a survey on an established social media site on the internet. Total the number of responses hoping to have at least 300 or more. The reliable information would need to be trusted because the questions are granular and generic enough to not have personal information. So protection would only be how many persons answered the question and nothing personable. Storage of the data would be password protected. References Mui, C. (2012). How Kodak Failed. Retrieved on October 9, 2014 from http://www.fo rbes.com/sites/chunkamui/2012/01/18/how-kodak-failed/ SHMA (2012). 4 Types of Consumer Buying Behavior. Retrieved on October 9, 2014 from http://managementation.com/4-types-of-consumer-buying-behavior/ Stat Soft (2014). What is Data Mining (Predictive, Analytics, Big Data). Retrieved on October 9, 2014 from http://www.statsoft.com/Textbook/Data-Mining-Techniques

Music Of Claude Debussy And Dmitri Shostakovich Music Essay

Music Of Claude Debussy And Dmitri Shostakovich Music Essay The Romantic era presented many European composers who referred to themselves, or were referred to by others, as nationalist. Nationalism was very important because it allowed societies to continue to remain loyal to their country and allowed the country to gain cultural identity and individuality. Our definitions of nationalism are extremely vague and inconsistent, as many composers music seems to fit under the nationalist category. This is why the definition of musical nationalism must be refined, so that only composers whose music truly represents all aspects of their nation may be called nationalist. This means that the music must first and foremost appeal to the people and must reflect the nations cultural identity, rather than superimpose a culture upon it. The composer must also keep in mind the nations past and reveal hopes for the future. This means that a true nationalists music, in essence, becomes the nation by not simply encompassing the views of one member of society, o r even one group in society, but of the nation as a whole. Claude Debussy is known today as one of the great French composers who, in the words of Robert Orledge, was ever concerned with the necessity for French music to be true to itself. Orledge described his final series of chamber sonatas as enveloping a nationalistic spirit looking back to Rameau. Debussy was known for incorporating many international influences into his music, most notably the music of the Russian Five, and the Javanese gamelan. All of this considered, is it truly logical to refer to Debussys music as nationalistic, or even French for that matter? Is it not equally possible to call it Russian, since, quite arguably, most of his musical influences stem from there? Before a decision can be made concerning nationalism in Debussys music, we must take a look at the music of Dmitri Shostakovich. The creation of the Soviet Union marked the beginning of the largest obstacle for Russian composers. It was first time in history where a government, a secular power, had a direct say in the subject matter and appropriate style of all art forms. During the Soviet Union, it was the composers job to acquire culture which already existed amongst the intelligentsia (the Russian intellectual class), rather than to invent their own culture. The artistic movement enforced by the Soviet government between 1936 and 1950 was known as Socialist Realism, described by Stalin as an art national in form and socialist in content. This made it nearly impossible to express or create without crossing the very fine line set by the State. Artists of the time faced constant fear of exile and unemployment. The composers who did comply with the rules, however, became terrifically wealthy and were able to thrive under Soviet rule, earning up to 10,000 rubles per work commissioned by the Union of Soviet Compo sers. Dmitri Dmitrievich Shostakovich was one such composer. During the social realist period, Shostakovich came back from a temporary downfall stronger than ever with the aim to write music which was consistent with the changes brought on by the Revolution and which was, above anything else, to be created for his people. Shostakovich composed symphonies which would restore his glory and forever mark him as one of the great symphonic composers. Shostakovich had managed to please his audience by progressing in innovativeness, continuing Beethovens and Tchaikovskys strong symphonic traditions, and composing in a way that can truly be considered nationalistic. Shostakovichs music represented the epitome of Soviet nationalism and there are numerous elements present in his music which prove this. Shostakovichs main goal as a composer after his revival was to please the people which formed his nation. During an interview with an American correspondent, Shostakovich illustrated this by saying: I consider that every artist who isolates himself from the world is doomed. I find it incredible that an artist should want to shut himself away from the people, who, in the end, form his audience. Shostakovichs music was in touch with the national character of the time: it contained quotations of popular folk songs, was historically significant, and reflected the social realist style of the time. In an article about Soviet music, Nicolas Slonimsky stated that, the musical biography of Shostakovich is a perfect mirror of the changing policies in Soviet music. Shostakovich is the product of Soviet life. An important example of this can be seen in Shostako vichs 7th symphony which was performed on March 1st, 1942 in the temporary capital of Kuibishev. It represented the survival and victory of the nation, inspired by the battle of Leningrad. The main theme is of a Soviet war hero which drowns out a second hesitant, puppet-like theme representing the Germans. Shostakovich used this piece to build the morale of the nation, and helped fight the war from a cultural standpoint. It is true, however, that Shostakovich did succumb to artistic compromise during the social realist movement in order to provide for his family and continue to work as a composer. At the time, Shostakovich wrote music which was loyal to the state, but he did not necessarily agree with the government`s policies. Of course, speaking out loud about his disagreement with the authorities was impossible. Contrary to popular belief, this couldn`t be more irrelevant to whether or not he composed in a nationalistic style. A nation, after all, is defined by the unity of its people, and has absolutely nothing to do with the policies of its government. A composer may whole-heartedly agree with the politics of a country, but still fail to represent its people, its history, its culture and the nation as a whole in their music. Of much importance, on the other hand, is the fact that Shostakovich kept the history of Russian music alive by incorporating compositional techniques used by his predecessors; however, he did not do so in a strictly imitative manner. He made use of the hopelessly sombre mood and the spirit of universal humanity of Tchaikovsky, the folk elements of Prokofiev and, finally the inventiveness of Stravinskys music. In utilizing these elements, Shostakovich was able to continue his countrys strong symphonic reputation and paved the way for new composers by applying innovative orchestration, contrasting orchestral timbres, increasing chromaticism, and vigorously precise rhythms. The innovativeness Shostakovich possessed is an essential quality to have as a nationalist composer, because without innovativeness, one cannot expect to continue the cultural and artistic legacy of a country. In the words of Ernest Newman musicians are generally driven to nationalism as a revolt against foreign influence., much like the Russians did during the 19th century when Italian and German influences were taking over. Rather than escaping foreign influence, Debussy turned to it and incorporated it into his music. Debussys music is no more French than French fries are. Just because one is called French and claims to love their country, does not mean they are intrinsically and whole-heartedly French. As Ernest Newman said: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦however typically Russian a Russian may be, he is not a Russian if he looks, as many Russians do, beyond the borders of his own country, and finds certain aspects of foreign art more interesting than the indigenous art of the home territory. There is no doubt that Debussy was a brilliant composer, but it is quite obvious that he did look far, far beyond the influence of his own nation. How is it then, that we can even begin to consider him as a music ien franà §ais, especially when comparing him to true nationalists like Shostakovich? Rollo H. Meyers argues that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Debussy, from the very beginning of his creative career, always knew exactly what kind of music he wanted to write, and no influence whatever could have made him change his course. If he took anything from others, he only took what, in a sense, already belonged to himà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. This is not unlike modernizing verses of Romeo and Juliet or Hamlet and claiming them to be your own invention because Shakespeares timeless writing already belonged to you. It is people like Meyers who contribute to the constant false identification of nationalism in many composers music. 21Slonimsky, Dmitri Dmitrievitch Shostakovitch, 415. Shostakovich, unlike Debussy, was one of the few composers to truly combine being a good musician with being a good nationalist. He was a true professional when creating his music and always found new ways of appealing to his audience. On top of all of this, he managed to deliver ground-breaking techniques and advance the future of music. His music was revolutionary yet was not overly experimental as to cause a disconnection from his audience. This is especially remarkable considering the limitations set by the Soviet authorities. Even though Debussy is evidently a Frenchman, if one compares him to Shostakovich, it is hard to understand how one could ever consider Debussys music as being French. This so called French quality of his music is really just his Debussyist style of composing, which is purely unique to him, and is not a reflection of his country or his people. This comparison allows us to rethink the definition of nationalism in music and what it means to truly represent a nation. To be nationalist does not mean that one must be born or even grow up in a country. It means that one must act with the nations best interests at heart, and not look beyond that nation for influence. To be a nationalist is to, in essence, encapsulate the past, present, and future of the nation all at once, and to create music which is of the people, by the people, for the people. One must also not be too experimental on an audience, since that immediately disengages them and does nothing to unite a nation. The musical and cultural influences brought upon by truly talented and nationalist composers like Shostakovich were, and still are, extremely significant. Whether or not one agrees, or even whether or not Shostakovich himself agreed with the politics of the Soviet Union is irrelevant. Shostakovich wrote for his people above anything else. He reflected the cultural and historical significance of his country in his music and, despite the oppressive forces of the Soviet government, co ntinued to compose innovatively and in a way which advanced the future of music. It would be difficult to disagree that a figure like Shostakovich was exactly what the struggling country needed at the time: a truly nationalist composer who would write first and foremost for his country and for his people.

Tourism Tech and Innovation Preliminary Report

Tourism Tech and Innovation Preliminary Report Tourism Tech and Innovation Preliminary Report This tourism tech and innovation preliminary report is about Top Shots Fun Park in Sunshine Coast in Australia. This is considered to be a full fledge package for family entertainment and serves as an attraction to a large population. The amusement Park has many different activities and individuals can choose from a variety of different games and activities that are available there. The Park has indoor rock climbing, 18 hole minigolf courses, turn and spin, cannon ball blaster and various other activities for lovers of water sports. There are many arcade games which are operated through coins. In addition to this, there is also a fast food cafà © on site to cater to the needs of individuals who feel hungry during their visit. Moreover, there are a variety of different packages that can be chosen from if someone wants to book a party place for young kids. Innovation refers to applying new and novel solutions in order to be able to meet challenges in a better manner so as to cater to the existing market needs. The scientific field related to innovation has introduced the concept of technological innovation in order to provide an explanation of the rate and nature of innovation due to technological change (Ryan, 2013). Therefore, a dynamic network which consists of various agents who interact together for making greater utilization of technology along with its diffusion and generation is known as the technological innovation system. The new wave of technological innovation focuses on using social networking services in order to better help businesses in reaching their target market and increasing their customer base. The use of social networking services is growing in use and it can prove to be helpful for Top Shots Fun Park. Top Shots Fun Park has many attractive activities and has a good website to provide information about the business. The website is quite detailed and gives information regarding the opening and closing times of the Park and information about different rides and their prices also. However, the business could possibly make use of more social networking services to enhance its service level and make the business better. This would in turn lead to an increase in turnover for the business as the message would reach a larger audience and more people will visit the Park on a regular basis. A social networking service primarily provides a platform which helps in building social relations and social networks among individuals who are involved in the activities of the business or have real life connections with the business. There are many services that come under social networking which include platforms like Facebook, twitter, LinkedIn, blogs, smartphone applications, email marketing, online live chat, social media advertising and promotions (Hoult, 2012). Top Shots Fun Park is already making use of promotions to make their business better and to increase their clientele. The website of the company provides information related to free gift vouchers and discount vouchers which can be availed under certain conditions. The prime purpose of using this technique is to attract more customers to visit the Park which would lead to an increase in revenue for the company. The company can also make use of promotion by giving surprise gifts to visitors or giving gift hampers on the purchase of a certain amount of tickets from the Park. Moreover, promotional campaigns can be held on different days of the week to attract more people to visit the Park during those days. These promotional campaigns can include various activities that might be of interest to the target market for the company (King, 2013). Social media platforms like twitter, LinkedIn and blogs can also be used for advertising the business and creating awareness about it in the market. The company should have an individual twitter page where all updates should be tweeted in a timely manner. The twitter updates should also inform followers about the latest promotions that are being offered at the Park and must also advertise any new or existing rides or activities (King, 2013). Top Shots Fun Park should also host an individual LinkedIn profile where professionals can directly contact for information and other services. Additionally, the company should start a new blog of their own which would cover the promotional campaigns that are being run in the Park as well as any changes in prices or additions to activities or rides in the Park. One of the best strategies that the company can use to make its services better is development of smartphone applications to supplement the activities and games found in the Park already. For instance, the 18 hole minigolf game that is found in the Park could be transformed into a game that can be downloaded in the form of an application in a smartphone. Once people start getting addicted to the game in their smartphone, the likelihood of them visiting the Park to play it in real will also increase. Smart phone applications can also be developed for the purpose of catering to users of the application who can keep a track of all the updates regarding the Park. This application could provide notification related to latest promotional campaigns and latest activities that are going on in the Park (Timonthy, 2010). In addition to this, the application should also allow users to make advance bookings using the application by signing into their member account which would be provided within the smart phone application (King, 2013). However, there are also some disadvantages to using smart phone application by the business. Firstly, the development of the application will cost the company a lot and this initial investment on developing the application will require a high budget but the benefits gained from it will eventually outweigh the cost. Secondly, individuals who do not use smart phones will not have access to the services provided through this new smart phone application. Another important way of using social networking services to bring an improvement to the business is through the use of email marketing. The company can make use of email marketing in order to advertise their existing services and making customers aware about the upcoming activities and promotions that the customers can avail. This email marketing would be done by initially using market segmentation. The segment of the market that the company is trying to cater to will be targeted accordingly and email marketing campaign will be designed in order to cater to their tailored needs (Ryan, 2013). The success of any business depends on after sales service. The Top Shots Fun Park should make use of this technique in their business also. There should be online hand held terminals installed at the exit of the premises along with a counter where customers would be required to digitally submit their feedback about the Park and the services provided along with any suggestions that they would like to make in order to make the quality of services and products better. The feedback should then be recorded in the online database which would be reviewed and amendments must be made accordingly (Smith, 2013). It is also highly important to have online live chat. This is something that the company website lacks. There should ideally be one section on the main page of the company website which would allow the users to reach live support with the help of using online live chat. The purpose of having this service for the customers is to provide the customers with convenience for getting information and proceeding with any queries that they might have (Ryan, 2013). Social media advertising campaigns should also be used to increase awareness about the amusement Park and create a strong level of brand loyalty in existing customers. There are various types of social media advertising which can be used. This includes advertising on Facebook, twitter and various other social media networking platforms to reach the targeted audience in a better manner. Hosting social media events can also help the business grow by keeping the fans of the business engaged in online activities related to the company. The company should keep weekly quizzes on social media and distribute gift hampers to winners of the game or activity that the social media event is all about. To conclude, it can be said that Top Shotss Fun Park is doing quite well and has a large amount of clientele that is attracted to the activities for family entertainment that are provided at the Park. However, there is always room for improvement and the business can make use of various social networking services in order to provide better services and products to the consumers and also improve the working of the business as a whole. References Hoult, K. (2012). Strategic planning and social media marketing. Social Media Conference, WWU. King, C. (2013). 16 social media marketing tips. Retrieved 23rd March, 2014 from http://www.socialmediaexaminer.com/ Top Shots Fun Park. (2014). Retrieved 23rd March, 2014 from http://www.TopShotssFunPark.com.au/ Ryan, F. (2013). Growing importance of technology and social networking services. New York Times. Smith, T. (2013). 40 ideas for your 2013 social media marketing plan. Exact Target Marketing Cloud Timonthy, R. (2010). Impact of smart phones on business. Journal of Marketing

The Physics of an Electric Car Essay -- Technology Science Inventions

The Physics of an Electric Car Cannon returns home from work on an average day. He gets his things and trudges into the house, thinking about the events of the day. He relaxes for the evening, thinking about the good things in life. He is lucky that he has a good job, a nice house, and a nice car. But wait, it feels like he forgot something today. His mind races, did he forget a project at work? He couldn’t have, he works so hard to keep up. Not thinking of what he forgot, Cannon stumbles to bed for much needed rest. About three o’clock, Cannon shoots out of bed. He remembered†¦ He forgot to plug in his car. Will there be enough power in the batteries to get him to work? How in the world does that car work anyway? During the past few years, there has been an increasing concern over our use of gasoline in cars. There are a few answers to this concern. One of the first and most viable answers is the electric car. These vehicles are made up of a few components that help them run just like a normal car. The components to a direct current (DC) electric vehicle are the batteries, the controller and potentiometer, the motor and a specialized One of the major problems with electric vehicles is storing enough energy to supply the motor over an extended range. The average distance for an electric vehicle is 50-100 miles. Batteries are the energy source for our vehicles. â€Å"Most electric cars use lead-acid batteries, but new types of batteries, including zinc-chlorine, nickel metal hydride, and sodium-sulfur, are becoming more common† (Encarta, car). In most vehicles, storage for batteries is a problem. It takes a lot of room for the batteries. It takes between 16 and 50 batteries to get enough energy stored to go any distance. .. ...ssed and turned all night. He wondered if he would have enough battery power to get him to work on time. Turns out he did have enough to get to work. He spent the next day looking into what made his car run. He realized that there are only a few major components to his electric vehicle: the batteries, the controller and potentiometers, the motor, and the regenerative braking system. What a great way to travel! Works Cited Brian, Marshall. â€Å"How Electric Cars Work.† 1 May 2003. http://auto.howstuffworks.com/electric-car.htm "Electric Car," Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2003. 1 May 2003. http://encarta.msn.com "Electric Motors and Generators," Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2003. 1 May 2003. http://encarta.msn.com Kirkpatrick, Larry D., Wheeler, Gerald F. Physics: A World View. Fourth ed. Fort Worth: Harcourt College Publishers, 2001. The Physics of an Electric Car Essay -- Technology Science Inventions The Physics of an Electric Car Cannon returns home from work on an average day. He gets his things and trudges into the house, thinking about the events of the day. He relaxes for the evening, thinking about the good things in life. He is lucky that he has a good job, a nice house, and a nice car. But wait, it feels like he forgot something today. His mind races, did he forget a project at work? He couldn’t have, he works so hard to keep up. Not thinking of what he forgot, Cannon stumbles to bed for much needed rest. About three o’clock, Cannon shoots out of bed. He remembered†¦ He forgot to plug in his car. Will there be enough power in the batteries to get him to work? How in the world does that car work anyway? During the past few years, there has been an increasing concern over our use of gasoline in cars. There are a few answers to this concern. One of the first and most viable answers is the electric car. These vehicles are made up of a few components that help them run just like a normal car. The components to a direct current (DC) electric vehicle are the batteries, the controller and potentiometer, the motor and a specialized One of the major problems with electric vehicles is storing enough energy to supply the motor over an extended range. The average distance for an electric vehicle is 50-100 miles. Batteries are the energy source for our vehicles. â€Å"Most electric cars use lead-acid batteries, but new types of batteries, including zinc-chlorine, nickel metal hydride, and sodium-sulfur, are becoming more common† (Encarta, car). In most vehicles, storage for batteries is a problem. It takes a lot of room for the batteries. It takes between 16 and 50 batteries to get enough energy stored to go any distance. .. ...ssed and turned all night. He wondered if he would have enough battery power to get him to work on time. Turns out he did have enough to get to work. He spent the next day looking into what made his car run. He realized that there are only a few major components to his electric vehicle: the batteries, the controller and potentiometers, the motor, and the regenerative braking system. What a great way to travel! Works Cited Brian, Marshall. â€Å"How Electric Cars Work.† 1 May 2003. http://auto.howstuffworks.com/electric-car.htm "Electric Car," Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2003. 1 May 2003. http://encarta.msn.com "Electric Motors and Generators," Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2003. 1 May 2003. http://encarta.msn.com Kirkpatrick, Larry D., Wheeler, Gerald F. Physics: A World View. Fourth ed. Fort Worth: Harcourt College Publishers, 2001.